Psudosculda laevis

The stomatopods are commonly known as mantis shrimps, but such a name does little justice to the abilities of these predators. The skeleton shrimps resemble mantids far more than the stomatopods, and in addition and with all due respect to the mantis, a stomatopod would eat it for breakfast no problem.

For example, it’s easy to replicate the vision of a mantis with a camera lens, but these predators can see things you can’t even imagine. Literally.

With what is reckoned to be up to ten different visual pigments, eyes split into two sections and stomatopod can do something that no other animal on the planet can do – it can perceive cross polarised light. This is for the purposes of display and to identify other members of its species, and also to identify the location of predators in the waters above. Evolution has allowed it to do this at the same time as it’s searching for its next hapless victim, thanks to a talent that no other creature possesses.

Optical elements in three parts of a stomatopods eye can focus on one point in space using the midband of the eye, in conjunction with the upper and lower hemisphere. In other words, a Mantis shrimp can see in trinocular vision. Very handy, when you have weapons that can shatter bones.

After the stomatopod has identified its victim, it brings into play its next party piece. Mother nature spoiled them somewhat. Not content with gifting them vision the envy of all other coral reef dwellers, she gave them weapons that would give every other animal on the sea floor nightmares.

Some stomatopods are “spearers”, impaling fish and other prey items on their front appendages. The first reaction of the prey item is generally flailing on the fearsome weapons.

Others are smashers, which use the appendages on the front limbs to smash apart the shells of mollusks, the exoskeletons of other crustaceans and even coral, if its victim tries to hide from the murderous weapons. In a faction of a blink of an eye due the mechanics of a release of tension accompanying the weapon, the club strikes with the force of a .22 bullet, and at a speed of 50 mph, all while underwater.

If the stomatopods punch does not land, the shockwave from the collapsing water almost certainly will, stunning the victim and allowing the fastest fists in the ocean another shot at the prey item.

You might think that the group is rather new, having such powerful weapons and such advanced sight, but the stomatopods are quite an ancient group, having been terrorising coral reefs since at least the Jurassic. The fossil member of the group here, Psudosculda laevis, is from the Cretaceous (95 million years ago) and like there predators today, this was a fearsome creature.

It had the raptorial appendages that are the trademark of the group, but we don’t know how advanced its vision was, or if it was monogamous like so many of today's extant members of the stomatopoda, but we can hazard a guess that this was not an animal to be messed with.